383 - 408 A.D. Roman Empire. Arcadius. AE 4. S.#4234 $7. Collections, Tremont Street, Boston, Suffolk, Mattachusetts Bay, Nova Anglia, Virginia, America. 1.11 grams copper, lead, tin coin.
1454 years later. 1837 - 1901 A.D. Britannia Empire. Augustus, Victoria. Britannia
1 copper = .6 bronze or 3200 copper = 1920 bronze. Tennis money system. 60%, 40%. These values are 2.4 times the value of the new pence or decimal pence. This is Maundy Money.
Although the archetypical image of Britannia seated on a shield first appeared on Roman bronze coins of the first century A.D. struck under Hadrian, Britannia's first appearance on British coinage was on the farthing in 1672, though earlier pattern versions had appeared in 1665, followed by thehalfpenny later the same year; the model used, then and later, was Frances Teresa Stuart, the future Duchess of Richmond. Stuart was famous at the time for refusing to become the mistress of Charles II, despite the King's strong infatuation with her. She then appeared on the British halfpenny cointhroughout the rest of the 17th century and thereafter until 1936. When the Bank of England was granted a charter in 1694, the directors decided within days that the device for their official seal should represent 'Brittannia sitting on looking on a Bank of Mony' (sic). Britannia also appeared on the pennycoin between 1797 and 1970, occasional issues such as the fourpence under William IV between 1836 and 1837, and on the 50 pence coin between 1969 and 2008.[8] See "External Links" below for examples of all these coins and other
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_empire
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RomanEmpire_117.svg 117 A.D. Imperial Provinces, Senatorial Provinces, Client States.